40+ Popular Types of Wine: Reds, Whites, & More

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Plus, learn how to discuss a wine’s body, flavor notes, & more
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While you may only see certain wines at your local grocery store, there are an estimated 10,000 different types of wine grapes across the globe! If you’re a wine enthusiast who wants to learn about the different types of wine out there, you’ve come to the right place. With help from wikiHow’s team of wine specialists, we’re about to name a variety of red wines, white wines, and more, along with where each variety is produced and a description of their flavor profiles.

Common Types of Red and White Wine

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An illustration of the most popular types of red and white wines.
  • Cabernet Sauvignon: A full-bodied red with notes of berries, currants, and cassis.
  • Merlot: A medium-bodied red with rich plum and chocolate flavors.
  • Pinot Noir: A light to medium-bodied red with notes of red fruit, cherry, and raspberry.
  • Chardonnay: A medium to full-bodied white with a dry, crisp finish.
  • Sauvignon Blanc: A light to medium-bodied white with hints of citrus and green apple.
  • Pinot Grigio: A light-bodied white with notes of citrus, apples, honey, and spice.
Section 1 of 6:

Types of Red Wines

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  1. Step 1 Cabernet Sauvignon
    Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the most popular red wines in the world. This full-bodied red has notes of berries, currants, and cassis and is high in tannins and acidity. Studies have revealed that this wine is a blend of Cabernet Franc and Sauvignon Blanc grapes. While it may have originated in Bordeaux, France, Cabernet Sauvignon has become the most widely planted red wine grape in California.[1]
    • Primary Region: Bordeaux, France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Blackcurrant, black cherry, green pepper
    • Common Food Pairings: Red meat, braised short ribs, grilled portobello mushrooms, burgers, aged cheeses

    Meet the wikiHow Experts

    Murphy Perng is a wine consultant and founder of Matter of Wine, an organization that creates educational wine events.

    Samuel Bogue is a sommelier and wine consultant for many prestigious restaurants in the San Francisco Bay area.

    Christopher Lucchese is a certified sommelier by the Court of Master Sommeliers. He’s also affiliated with House Somm, which is an LA-based business that hosts private wine tastings and educational paired wine dinners.

  2. 2
    Merlot Merlot is a rich blend of plum and chocolate flavors, and it’s more complex than many people think. It’s meant to be enjoyed young, but good quality merlots can age for years and still taste amazing. Aged merlots also tend to become spicier.[2]
    • Primary Region: Bordeaux, France
    • Characteristics: Medium-bodied; low tannins and medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Plum, chocolate, black cherry, raspberry, herbs
    • Common Food Pairings: Roast chicken, duck, mushroom risotto, Gruyére
    • According to certified wine consultant Murphy Perng, Merlot is one of the best red wines for novice wine drinkers to start out with since it’s one of the major varietals.[3]
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  3. 3
    Pinot Noir Pinot Noir is a classic wine that is complex and elegant. It’s challenging to grow, earning it the nickname “the heartbreak grape.” However, the grape adapts well to whatever region it’s being planted in, taking on the flavor profiles of that area. It’s grown worldwide and popular with many wine lovers. The name “Pinot Noir” translates to “pine” and “black,” which refers to the pine-cone shape and dark color that the grape clusters have when they’re growing on the vine.[4]
    • Primary Region: Burgundy, France
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Red fruit, cherry, raspberry, strawberry, tea leaves, and leather
    • Common Food Pairings: Salmon, beef bourguignon, roasted root vegetables, goat cheese
  4. 4
    Malbec Malbec is a hearty wine that pairs well with meats. It has hints of floral flavors, plummy fruit, and full tannins. Depending on where it’s grown, it can also take on earthy characteristics or cherry aromas. No matter where it’s produced, though, this red is full of fragrance and color.[5]
    • Primary Region: Southwest France; Argentina
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; low tannins and medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Blackberry, plum, cocoa, smoky spice
    • Common Food Pairings: Flank steak, spicy Korean BBQ, eggplant, blue cheese, dark chocolate
  5. 5
    Syrah/Shiraz Syrah, also known as Shiraz in Australia, is a robust red wine with intense fruity flavors. It derives from two ancient varietals that were crossed: a dark-skinned berry called Dureza and a white-skinned grape called Mondeuse Blanche.[6] Perng explains that the Syrah grape “gives off chocolate, dark fruit flavors, [and] plum.”[7] In cooler climates, it can also have hints of black pepper and olive.
    • Primary Region: Rhône Valley, France; Australia
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Black pepper, olive, violet, red/black fruit, bacon, black plum, chocolate, licorice
    • Common Food Pairings: Lamb chops, bean-based dishes, gouda, chocolate mousse
  6. 6
    Gamay Gamay has a reputation for being an easy-drinking wine that’s light and refreshing. It’s tangy, crisp, and fruit-forward with flavors of raspberry and strawberry. It can be served chilled, making it perfect to drink during warmer seasons, and pairs well with a variety of dishes, from deli meats to oysters.[8]
    • Primary Region: Beaujolais, France
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Cherry, strawberry, raspberry, cranberry, earthy
    • Common Food Pairings: Raw cured ham, roasted beef, roasted poultry, goat cheese
  7. 7
    Sangiovese Sangiovese is Italy’s most widely grown red grape variety. Its color can range from a light ruby to a deep garnet. Red fruits, violets, blood orange, and dried herbs are just some of the notes you can look forward to. A quality sangiovese bottles the scent of the Mediterranean vegetation and has more complex flavors, like earth and tobacco.[9]
    • Primary Region: Tuscany, Italy
    • Characteristics: Medium-bodied; medium to high tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Cherry, plums, herbs, tobacco, tea leaves, and earthiness
    • Common Food Pairings: Lasagna, T-Bone steak, pizza margherita, pasta with black truffle
  8. 8
    Tempranillo Tempranillo is a Spanish phrase meaning “little early one.” It’s a reference to the growing process in which the vines bud late and the grapes ripen about two weeks earlier than most Spanish red grapes. It’s common to taste red and darker fruits in this wine, such as plum, blackberry, and cherry. Savory notes, like leather, tobacco, and spice, also emerge.[10]
    • Primary Region: Rioja and Ribera del Duero, Spain
    • Characteristics: Medium to full-bodied; medium to high tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Red fruits, leather, tobacco, herb, cedar
    • Common Food Pairings: BBQ, paella, roast lamb, burgers
  9. 9
    Nebbiolo Nebbiolo is the red grape variety used to craft bottles of Barolo and Barbaresco wines. Compared to other reds, Nebbiolo is more translucent in color. However, it has a lot of complexity and ages quite well. When you drink a glass, you’ll likely notice flavors of berries, cherries, citrus, and minerals. Mature Nebbiolo wines also have hints of rose and truffle.[11]
    • Primary Region: Piedmont, Italy
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Berries, cherries, citrus, minerals, mushrooms, roses, truffles
    • Common Food Pairings: Beef, hard cheeses (parmigiano-reggiano, pecorino), fresh egg pasta
  10. 10
    Barbera Barbera is a deeply-colored wine with a garnet hue that takes years to develop. Variations that have little to no oak have stronger fruity aromas, along with hints of herbs and spice. Those that are aged in barrels are richer and more tannic because of the wood. The flavors capture cherry syrup, plums, chocolate, and herbs.[12]
    • Primary Region: Piedmont, Italy
    • Characteristics: Medium-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Cherry, plum, blackberry, herbs, spice, chocolate
    • Common Food Pairings: Pizza margherita, potato gnocchi, roast chicken
  11. 11
    Zinfandel Zinfandel, also known simply as “Zin,” is an American-made red wine grown in California. However, it has origins in Croatia and is related to a 15th-century grape called Crljenak Kaštelanski. Its versatile history matches its flavor profile. Zin carries aromas of blackberry, strawberry, raspberry, and earthy undertones. When aged in oak, the taste of vanilla, cocoa, or caramel comes through.[13]
    • Primary Region: California
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; medium to high tannins and acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Blackberry, strawberry, raspberry, jam, black pepper, clove, cinnamon
    • Common Food Pairings:
  12. 12
    Zweigelt Zweigelt is the most commonly planted red grape in Austria and is known for being a fruity wine. Hints of bright red cherry, raspberry, black pepper, and chocolate are often present. It’s also a stunning hue of violet-red when poured into a wine glass. It’s typically made in stainless steel tanks to maintain the fruit flavors, but some producers are also crafting it in aged oak barrels for a fuller body.[14]
    • Primary Region: Burgenland District, Austria
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; low tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Red cherry, raspberry, black pepper, chocolate
    • Common Food Pairings: Grilled steak, lasagna, Cajun cuisine
  13. 13
    Cabernet Franc Cabernet Franc is a deeply-colored red wine with a silky texture and pungent aromas. Its flavor profile contains notes of floral, plum, blackberry, cassis, spice, and fresh herb. Most wine producers use Cabernet Franc as a blending grape, and it’s rare to find wines that are 100% Cabernet Franc. Despite that, it’s one of the top twenty most popular grape varieties in the world.[15]
    • Primary Region: Loire Valley and Bordeaux, France
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; medium tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Raspberry, strawberry, red plum, bell pepper, herbs
    • Common Food Pairings: Roast chicken, pork, pepper stew, feta cheese
  14. 14
    Grenache Grenache is native to Aragon, Spain, where it's called “Garnacha.” This red wine is paler in color but has strong fruit flavors. It can also contain higher alcohol content when produced in hotter climates, reaching a 16% ABV. It has notes of ripe red fruits, like raspberries and strawberries, as well as herbal and floral notes. Mature Grenache can also contain traces of cinnamon and nutmeg.[16]
    • Primary Region: Aragon, Spain
    • Characteristics: Medium to full-bodied, low tannins and low to medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Strawberry, cherry, raspberry, white pepper, herbs
    • Common Food Pairings: Grilled/stewed/braised meats, casseroles, eggplant parmigiana, Asian cuisine
  15. 15
    Red Blend Red blends are domestic wines that are made from a range of grape varieties. Many winemakers blend grapes to create desired flavors and aromas. Plus, the process allows them to get creative. Red blends are really popular with wine drinkers and are outselling well-known reds, like Pinot Noir and Merlot. When it comes to making blends, they typically contain a base, and then other varieties are mixed in. For example, a wine producer can start with a Zinfandel as the base and add Cabernet Franc or Malbec. The result is a red wine containing various percentages of different grape varieties with a more balanced taste.[17]
    • Primary Region: Worldwide
    • Characteristics: Medium-bodied; medium tannins and medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Ripe fruits
    • Common Food Pairings: Grilled steak, spaghetti bolognese, lentil dishes
  16. 16
    Mourvèdre Mourvèdre, known as Monastrell in Spain, where it originated, is dark-fruited and spicy. It’s strong in tannins and usually has wild herb characteristics. The grape is commonly used for blending, and it can be made into a rosé or a red wine. Rosé variations have subtler flavors, while more traditional red wines made from the grape lean toward the more savory side.[18]
    • Primary Region: Valencia, Spain; Rhône and Provence, France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Meaty, earthy, black fruit, violet, black pepper
    • Common Food Pairings: Pork, veal, grilled fish, chorizo
  17. 17
    Rioja Rioja wine gets its name from the region in Spain where it originates. Tempranillo grapes play a key role in the production of Rioja wine and give these wines a light, fruity aroma. There are different styles of Rioja wines, which makes them all the more enticing to drink. Traditional styles are more fragrant, silky, and delicate. Modern-classical versions are younger and have more of the flavor of the oak barrels they’re aged in. Modern Riojas are rich and velvety and aged in French oak.[19]
    • Primary Region: Rioja, Spain
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; medium to high tannins and acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Fruit-forward, dried cherry, vanilla, spices
    • Common Food Pairings: Paella, roasted lamb, grilled meats,
  18. 18
    Carignan Carignan is like a hidden gem because many wine drinkers haven’t heard of it. It was commonly produced in France until it was overshadowed by Merlot at the end of the twentieth century. But, it’s reemerging, and more people are becoming aware of this grape variety. It’s usually used in red blends and has red-berry flavors, woodsy and savory notes, and a touch of earthiness.[20]
    • Primary Region: Southern France and Spain
    • Characteristics: Medium to full-bodied; high tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Red fruits, earth, savory, spicy
    • Common Food Pairings: Poultry, beef brisket, parmesan cheese, roasted red pepper
  19. 19
    Tannat Tannat wine is ideal for those who love a robust, full-bodied glass of red wine. The main flavors that come through are black currant, plum, licorice, smoke, and cardamom. It’s a dry wine with high levels of polyphenols and antioxidants. Since it’s such a rich wine, it’s recommended to decant Tannat-based wines for at least an hour or use an aerator when pouring.[21]
    • Primary Region: Southwest France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Black currant, plum, licorice, smoke, cardamom
    • Common Food Pairings: Marinated meats and vegetables, grilled Porcini mushrooms, medium-rare T-Bone steak
  20. 20
    Valpolicella Valpolicella wine comes in four styles. They are Corvina, Rondinella, Corvinone, and Molinara. Each has a distinct flavor profile that can suit many palates. Common notes you can expect include balsamic, cocoa, figs, chocolate, tobacco, raspberry, cherries, and herbs. Different aromas emerge the longer they age, and these wines are great to enjoy on their own or paired with a meal.[22]
    • Primary Region: Veneto, Italy
    • Characteristics: Light to full-bodied; low to medium tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Cherry, raspberry, balsamic, cocoa, fig, chocolate, tobacco, cinnamon, pepper
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, salads, gnocchi, tiramisu
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Section 2 of 6:

Types of White Wines

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  1. Step 1 Chardonnay
    Chardonnay is one of the world’s most popular white wine grapes. It’s a cross between the Pinot Noir and Gouais Blanc grape varieties. It’s known for its dry, crisp texture and contains notes of green apple, fig, and citrus. Chardonnay that’s aged in oak barrels tends to have a buttery taste with a hint of vanilla, while unoaked versions are more citrusy.[23]
    • Primary Region: Burgundy, France
    • Characteristics: Medium to full-bodied; low tannins and medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Apple, pear, plum, peach, melon, creamy, buttery, vanilla
    • Common Food Pairings: Halibut, scallops, poultry, risotto
  2. 2
    Sauvignon Blanc Sauvignon Blanc is crisp and aromatic. The aroma has been compared to gooseberries and crushed blackcurrant leaves. Aged versions can sometimes develop a canned asparagus smell. While that may sound strange, this wine is refreshing and perfect to drink on a warm day or paired with seafood and salads.[24]
    • Primary Region: Loire Valley, France
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Citrus, lime, green apple, passion fruit, green bell pepper
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, salads, green vegetables, goat cheese
  3. 3
    Pinot Grigio Pinot Grigio is a dry white wine that’s refreshing and ideal to have on a warm, sunny day. While it’s mainly grown in northern Italy, this grape variety has roots in Burgundy, France, where it’s called Pinot Gris. It has notes of citrus fruit, apples, and spice. Some French versions contain hints of peaches, honey, and candied ginger.[25] Perng recommends it as an excellent white wine for beginner wine drinkers.[26]
    • Primary Region: Northern Italy; Burgundy, France
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Citrus, apples, honey, pear, spice
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, fresh vegetables, Indian cuisine, creamy cheeses
  4. 4
    Riesling Riesling is a sweet white wine with a colorful flavor profile. While it may be categorized as sweet, the level of sweetness varies depending on where it’s produced. Certified sommelier Christopher Lucchese says that Riesling can range “from bone dry to super sweet.”[27] Since its aromas span across a broad spectrum, it’s a wine that pairs with a variety of dishes, like light meats and spiced curries.[28]
    • Primary Region: Rhine Valley, Germany
    • Characteristics: Light to medium bodied; no tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Lime, lemon, green apple, pear, jasmine, rose blossom, honey, slate, wet stone
    • Common Food Pairings: Oysters, ceviche, chicken, brie cheese
  5. 5
    Chenin Blanc Chenin Blanc is a dry white wine that’s so well-loved that it even has its own holiday that occurs annually in June—International Drink Chenin Blanc Day! Green apple and lemon are a couple of the most notable flavors this wine delivers. Others include stone fruit and tropical fruit. Chenin Blancs from South Africa tend to have stronger hints of peach, pineapple, and mango.[29]
    • Primary Region: Loire Valley, France; South Africa
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Yellow apple, pear, pineapple, honey, chamomile
    • Common Food Pairings: Pork chops, turkey, Southeast Asian cuisine
  6. 6
    Gewürztraminer While Gewürztraminer originated in France, its name is German. The term “Gewürz” is German for “spice,” which is a fitting description of this wine’s flavor profile. The wine is a deep shade of gold with notes of rose petals, peaches, ginger, lychee, and grapefruit. It’s perfect if you prefer wines with lower acidity.[30]
    • Primary Region: Northern Italy; Alsace, France; Pfalz, Germany
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; no to low tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Lychee, rose petal, ginger, grapefruit, peaches
    • Common Food Pairings: Duck, fish, salty cheeses, smoked trout
  7. 7
    Viognier Viognier is a dry white wine with a deliciously sweet smell. Stone fruit notes are prominent and include apricot, white peach, and nectarine. Some versions may contain hints of honey. Viognier wine that’s produced in oak takes on a richer, creamy texture that can be compared to Chardonnay. It pairs well with fish, poultry, and dishes featuring thick sauces.[31]
    • Primary Region: Rhône Valley, France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; no to low tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Apricot, white peach, apricot, nectarine, tangerine
    • Common Food Pairings: Poultry, pork chops, shrimp, sea bass, fondue
  8. 8
    Sémillon Sémillon is a grape variety that produces dry, sweet wine. It’s usually used as a blending grape, but a small number of winemakers in Bordeaux make batches of 100% Sémillon. One of its best features is that this grape is susceptible to rotting, specifically botrytis or noble rot. This rot is what gives the wine its sweet flavor. It has aromas of lemon, beeswax, and honey, and a texture that has been described as oily or waxy.[32]
    • Primary Region: Bordeaux, France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; low tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Lemon, apple, pear, green papaya, beeswax, honey, rich, oily
    • Common Food Pairings: Foie gras, seafood, blue cheese
  9. 9
    Pinot Blanc Pinot Blanc is easy on the palate with notes of white pear, golden apple, and white florals. Depending on where it’s produced, it can range from light to fuller-bodied. For instance, Pinot Blanc from Alsace, France, has a simpler flavor profile, while batches from Italy have more depth.[33]
    • Primary Region: Alsace, France
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: White pear, golden apple, white florals, lemon zest, mineral
    • Common Food Pairings: oysters, oily fish, chicken, salad greens
  10. 10
    Albariño Albariño is a light-bodied white wine that’s perfect for serving on a warm summer day. When poured, it has a light yellow hue. Sweet melon, citrus, and honeysuckle are some of the key flavors that come through when sipping on a glass. It also has lower alcohol content and balanced acidity, so it pairs well with many foods, like seafood and lean pork, and feta cheese.[34]
    • Primary Region: Rías Baixas, Spain; Northern Portugal
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Melon, citrus, grapefruit, apricot, honeysuckle
    • Common Food Pairings: Grilled fish, poultry, shellfish, Cajun food
  11. 11
    Grüner Veltliner Grüner Veltliner is a prized grape variety in Austria that’s known for its light and acidic characteristics. Most wine producers go for a spicier, more peppery wine with nuances of stone fruit.[35] Other aromas include lime, green apple, lemon, and white peach. In its home country of Austria, the wine is typically paired with dishes like Wiener Schnitzel and potato salad.[36]
    • Primary Region: Niederösterreich, Austria
    • Characteristics: Light to full-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Spice, pepper, lime, green apple, lemon, white peach
    • Common Food Pairings: Wiener schnitzel, potato salad, noodles, dumplings, seafood
  12. 12
    Torrontés Torrontés has floral and fruity notes that make it a joy to drink. It gives off whiffs of jasmine, rose petals, and geraniums. When you take a sip, you can taste peach, apricot, and citrus zest. While the varietal has origins in Spain, Argentina is the country that put this wine on the map and made it what it is today. The name “Torrontés” is Spanish for “little, golden cluster,” which refers to the appearance of these grape clusters.[37]
    • Primary Region: Argentina
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Rose petals, jasmine, geranium, white peach, apricot, citrus zest, tropical fruits
    • Common Food Pairings: Grilled shrimp, roast chicken, grilled vegetables, empanadas, tacos
  13. 13
    Vermentino Vermentino captures the essence of citrus flavors, including lemons, oranges, and satsumas. A slight bitterness, similar to grapefruit, can also be detected. Vermentino wine that has been made with early-picked grapes can have a grassy flavor. Riper versions may have a more orange blossom or peach taste.[38]
    • Primary Region: Piedmont, Italy
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Citrus, lemon, orange, bitter, grassy, peach
    • Common Food Pairings: Fish, seafood, ratatouille, pasta
  14. 14
    Verdejo Verdejo is a bright, refreshing wine that is Spain’s most popular white wine. Its flavor profile includes grapefruit, melon, lime, passion fruit, dried herbs, and floral notes. Some batches are barrel fermented and barrel aged, which produces a fuller-bodied texture that is creamier and has hints of spice, coconut, or vanilla.[39]
    • Primary Region: Rueda, Spain
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Grapefruit, melon, lime, passion fruit, dried herbs, and floral
    • Common Food Pairings: Lime chicken, pork, tofu, manchego cheese, potatoes
  15. 15
    Melon de Bourgogne Melon de Bourgogne is the grape variety used to produce Muscadet wine. It’s light, dry, and crisp, and dominated by flavors of lemon, lime, green apple, and pear. It’s best to enjoy Muscadet right away, as this is a wine that typically doesn’t age well. This wine is also famously paired with oysters. Since it complements seafood nicely, try it alongside ceviche, shrimp cocktail, or lobster.[40]
    • Primary Region: Burgundy and Loire Valley, France
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Green apple, lime, lemon, pear
    • Common Food Pairings: Oysters, ceviche, shrimp cocktail, goat cheese
  16. 16
    Fiano Fiano is a wine with roots in ancient Roman history that was originally called “Apianum,” which refers to bees. The wine has a versatile flavor and takes on the taste of where it’s grown. It has notes of citrus, pear, honey, and nuts. In warmer climates, stone fruit and tropical characteristics come through.[41]
    • Primary Region: Southern Italy
    • Characteristics: Light to full-bodied; no to low tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Citrus, pear, honey, nuts, stone fruit
    • Common Food Pairings: Salted fish, pork, fried chicken, rich seafood soups
  17. 17
    Marsanne Marsanne is a white wine grape that is full of depth and texture. Typically blended with Roussanne and Clairette grapes, it produces flavors of roasted nuts, pears, white peaches, honeydew melon, spice, and flowers. They have a silky, oily texture and, with age, have a deep golden hue. Both dry and sweet wine variations can be made.[42]
    • Primary Region: Northern Rhone Valley, France
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; no to low tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Roasted nuts, pears, white peaches, honeydew melon, spice, flowers
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, shellfish, chicken, veal, pork, cream sauces
  18. 18
    Trebbiano Trebbiano encompasses multiple Italian grape varieties that are grown throughout most of Italy. Its flavor profile is generally considered tart, dry, and crisp. Lemon, green apple, and mineral notes are apparent, and it’s best served chilled. The wine tastes delicious alongside pasta, roasted chicken, and creamy cheeses.[43]
    • Primary Region: Tuscany, Italy
    • Characteristics: Light bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Lemon, green apple, mineral
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood pastas, white pizza, roast chicken, hard Italian cheeses
  19. 19
    Rosé Rosé is a classic and one of the most popular wines in the world. Not only is it easy to drink, it also looks beautiful with its rosy pink hue. It can be confusing to classify as it’s not strictly considered a red or white wine. When rosé is produced, only a fraction of the grape’s skin color is used, which is why the beverage is a lighter shade. Most are fruity, containing flavors of orange and red fruit.[44] Certified sommelier Samuel Bogue says that rosé is the perfect springtime wine, which makes sense since this wine is usually enjoyed when the weather warms up.[45]
    • Primary Region: Provence, France
    • Characteristics: Light to full-bodied; low to medium tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Fruity, orange, red fruits
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, shellfish, grilled meats, grilled vegetables
    • Find out how Rosé is made in wikiHow’s video, “How is Rosé Made?”
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Section 3 of 6:

Types of Dessert Wines

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  1. Step 1 Port
    Port is a fortified dessert wine that’s sweet and high in alcohol content. With fortified wines, a distilled spirit is added during fermentation. In this case, brandy is typically used. There are different styles of port, so the hue can range from golden yellow to ruby red. These styles include ruby port, reserve port, tawny port, garrafeira port, white port, and late-bottled vintage port.[46]
    • Primary Region: Douro Valley, Portugal
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; medium to high tannins and low to medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Dried fruit, honey, apricot, caramel
    • Common Food Pairings: Gorgonzola, chocolate ganache, dried figs, salted almonds
  2. 2
    Sherry Sherry is a fortified wine that’s commonly produced using the white grape variety called Palomino. Dry styles include Fino, Manzanilla, Amontillado, Oloroso, and Palo Cortado. Sweeter sherries are usually made with the grape varieties Pedro Ximénez or Moscatel. Sherries range from light to full-bodied depending on the style you choose. For instance, Fino is lighter in color and light-bodied, whereas Oloroso is a darker amber, full-bodied, and syrupy.[47]
    • Primary Region: Andalucia, Spain
    • Characteristics: Light to full-bodied; low tannins and low to medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Woodsy, tobacco, wild herbs, hazelnut
    • Common Food Pairings: Seafood, tapas, roasted mushrooms, dark chocolate, vanilla ice cream
  3. 3
    Madeira Madeira is a fortified dessert wine that ranges from dry to sweet. Its flavor has an interesting balance of sweet and sour, with tasting notes that include coffee, walnut, and orange peel. Hues range from deep gold to dark brown. Madeira can also age for more than one-hundred years.[48]
    • Primary Region: Madeira Islands, Portugal
    • Characteristics: Medium to full-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Caramel, hazelnut, orange peel, peach, walnut oil, hazelnut
    • Common Food Pairings: Soups, nuts, cheese, fruit
  4. 4
    Marsala Marsala is a fortified wine that originated in Sicily. Brandy is usually added to it during the fermentation process, and it’s served in smaller glasses due to its high alcohol content. The sweetness level ranges from dry to very sweet. It’s recommended to serve this dessert wine in a Marsala glass. It’s also great for cooking because of its rich flavor and texture.[49]
    • Primary Region: Sicily, Italy
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; low tannins and low to medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Vanilla, brown sugar, leather, tobacco
    • Common Food Pairings: Salty appetizers, risotto, Roquefort cheese, cannoli
  5. 5
    Ice Wine Ice wines get their name from the process used to produce them. Perng explains that this method is used in colder climates where “the cold weather makes the grape’s water content or juice content freeze over…Then you press the juice from these dried grapes.” She adds that the juice in dried grapes is often sweeter.[50] The result is a very sugary dessert wine.
    • Primary Region: Ontario, Canada; Germany; Austria; New York and Michigan, United States
    • Characteristics: Full-bodied; high tannins and low acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Honey, dried fruits, candied ginger
    • Common Food Pairings: Fruit-based desserts, cheesecake, aged cheddar
  6. 6
    Muscat/Moscato Muscat wine, more commonly known as Moscato, is versatile and hails from the Mediterranean. The Muscat Blanc grape is believed to be one of the oldest wine grape varieties in the world and has notes of Mandarin oranges, orange blossoms, Meyer lemon, and pears. While it’s most recognized as a white wine, it’s also produced in shades of pink and red.[51]
    • Primary Region: Piedmont, Italy
    • Characteristics: Light-bodied; no to low tannins and low to medium acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Mandarin orange, pear, honey, spice, Meyer lemon
    • Common Food Pairings: BBQ pork, chicken, cod, medium/firm cheeses, mango
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Section 4 of 6:

Types of Sparkling Wines

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  1. Step 1 Champagne
    Champagne has become the chosen drink for celebrations and special occasions. This bubbly beverage has also come to embody luxury and sophistication to many. There are a variety of styles available, from dry to sweet, so it has the power to appeal to many palates. The only sparkling wines that can be called “Champagne” are those that are produced in the Champagne region of France.[52]
    • Primary Region: Champagne, France
    • Characteristics: Light to medium-bodied; low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Fruity, floral, crisp, effervescent
    • Common Food Pairings: Oysters, caviar, risotto, fried chicken, truffle fries
  2. 2
    Prosecco Prosecco is the prized sparkling wine of Italy. It’s produced using the grape variety of the same name. It’s crisp, refreshing, and aromatic. It’s another favorite bubbly to enjoy for celebrations and the holidays. Originally, Prosecco didn’t contain a lot of bubbles. Ones with softer bubbles continue to be produced and are called “frizzante.” However, it’s more common to find Prosecco with vigorous bubble action, and these are referred to as “spumante.”[53]
    • Primary Region: Veneto, Italy
    • Characteristics: Light to medium bodied; no to low tannins and medium to high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Green apple, pear, lemon peel
    • Common Food Pairings: Popcorn, potato chips, burrata cheese, sushi, risotto, fruit tarts
  3. 3
    Cava Cava is known as the “Champagne of Spain,” which makes sense since it’s made in the same fashion. The main difference is the location. The Spanish grapes used to produce this sparkling wine are citrusy and savory. It comes in various sweetness levels, from brut nature (least sweet) to dulce (most sweet).
    • Primary Region: Catalonia, Spain
    • Characteristics: Light to medium bodied; no to low tannins and high acidity
    • Flavor Notes: Citrus, lemon, floral
    • Common Food Pairings: Tapas, paella, Mexican cuisine
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Section 5 of 6:

Understanding Wine Terms & Characteristics

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  1. Wines are defined by traits like body, sugar level, acidity, and more.
    Perng affirms that the body of the wine, sweetness, acidity, and tannins affect the taste, and they’re often brought up when discussing and comparing wines.[54] Grape varieties also can’t be overlooked, as they’re the foundation of winemaking and influence the flavor. Here are some other important wine terms and what they generally refer to:[55]
    • Sweetness: Indicates the level of sugar remaining in the wine after it’s made. Dry wines have the least amount of sugar and are the least sweet.
    • Acidity: Refers to the tartness of a wine. A wine with high acidity is usually lighter-bodied and may leave a tingling sensation on your tongue.
    • Tannins: These add a bitter, dry quality to wine. Tannins also help wine last longer and age better.
    • Body: The body of wine ranges from light to full and refers to the thickness and texture of the mouthfeel. Wine that lingers in your mouth for over thirty seconds is full-bodied.
    • Alcohol Level: Refers to the alcohol percentage in wine. Most wines have an alcohol by volume (ABV) that falls between 11% and 13%.
    • Terroir: Refers to where a type of wine is produced. It looks at how environmental influences, like soil composition, climate, and microclimate, shape a wine.[56]
Section 6 of 6:

Further Learning About Wine

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  1. Do you want to continue your journey into the world of wine? Then make sure to check out more informative articles on wikiHow. Learn how to drink wine, how to open a wine bottle, how to store wine, and more!
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References

  1. ↑ https://wineinstitute.org/our-industry/statistics/wine-fact-sheets/cabernet-sauvignon/
  2. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/the-complete-wine-varieties-guide
  3. ↑ Murphy Perng. Certified Wine Consultant. Expert Interview
  4. ↑ https://www.wineenthusiast.com/basics/the-essential-guide-to-pinot-noir/
  5. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/what-is-malbec-wine
  6. ↑ https://www.thewinecellarinsider.com/wine-topics/wine-educational-questions/grapes-for-wine-making-flavor-characteristics-explained/syrah-wine-grapes-flavor-character-history/
  7. ↑ Murphy Perng. Certified Wine Consultant. Expert Interview
  8. ↑ https://www.vindefrance.com/wines/grape-varieties-of-france/gamay-noir
  9. ↑ https://filippobartolotta.com/en/sangiovese/
  1. ↑ https://younggunofwine.com/wine-101/grape-varieties/tempranillo/
  2. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/red-wine/nebbiolo-wine-guide
  3. ↑ https://filippobartolotta.com/en/barbera/
  4. ↑ https://www.vinology.com/what-is-zinfandel-wine-school/
  5. ↑ https://vintnerproject.com/learn/zweigelt-austrias-little-known-signature-red-grape/
  6. ↑ https://www.thewinecellarinsider.com/wine-topics/wine-educational-questions/grapes-for-wine-making-flavor-characteristics-explained/cabernet-franc-wine-grapes-flavors-character-and-history/
  7. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/what-is-grenache-wine
  8. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/red-wine/best-red-blends-drink-now
  9. ↑ https://younggunofwine.com/wine-101/grape-varieties/mourvedre/
  10. ↑ https://www.thewinesociety.com/discover/explore/regional-guides/rioja-ultimate-guide/
  11. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/carignan-wine-guide
  12. ↑ https://winemakermag.com/articles/tannat
  13. ↑ https://vinepair.com/wine-101/valpolicella-101/
  14. ↑ https://wineinstitute.org/our-industry/statistics/wine-fact-sheets/chardonnay/
  15. ↑ https://www.jancisrobinson.com/learn/grape-varieties/white/sauvignon-blanc
  16. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/what-is-pinot-grigio
  17. ↑ Murphy Perng. Certified Wine Consultant. Expert Interview
  18. ↑ Christopher Lucchese. Certified Sommelier. Expert Interview
  19. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/white-wine/riesling-wine-guide
  20. ↑ https://www.wsetglobal.com/knowledge-centre/blog/2025/exploring-chenin-blanc-styles/
  21. ↑ https://www.thewinesociety.com/discover/wine-basics/grape-varieties/gewurztraminer-the-ultimate-grape-guide/
  22. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/viognier-wine-guide
  23. ↑ https://www.thewinecellarinsider.com/wine-topics/wine-educational-questions/grapes-for-wine-making-flavor-characteristics-explained/semillon-wine-grapes-flavor-character-and-history/
  24. ↑ https://younggunofwine.com/wine-101/grape-varieties/pinot-blanc/
  25. ↑ https://www.decanter.com/wine/grape-varieties/albarino/
  26. ↑ https://www.austrianwine.com/our-wine/grape-varieties/white-wine/gruener-veltliner
  27. ↑ https://www.thewinesociety.com/discover/wine-basics/grape-varieties/gruner-veltliner-the-ultimate-grape-guide/
  28. ↑ https://www.vinerra.com/education/wines/torrontes-an-in-depth-wine-profile
  29. ↑ https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/what-is-vermentino-wine
  30. ↑ https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/rueda-verdejo-versatility/
  31. ↑ https://www.winetraveler.com/grape/melon-de-bourgogne/
  32. ↑ https://younggunofwine.com/wine-101/grape-varieties/fiano/
  33. ↑ https://www.thewinecellarinsider.com/wine-topics/wine-educational-questions/grapes-for-wine-making-flavor-characteristics-explained/marsanne-wine-grapes-flavor-character-history/
  34. ↑ https://www.jancisrobinson.com/learn/grape-varieties/white/trebbiano
  35. ↑ https://wineinsiders.com/blogs/wine-101-essential-wine-guides/a-comprehensive-guide-to-rose-wine
  36. ↑ Samuel Bogue. Certified Sommelier. Expert Interview
  37. ↑ https://www.wineenthusiast.com/culture/wine/port-essential-guide/
  38. ↑ https://www.foodandwine.com/wine/sherry-guide
  39. ↑ https://winefolly.com/wines/madeira/
  40. ↑ https://wineinsiders.com/blogs/wine-101-wine-basics/a-comprehensive-marsala-wine-guide
  41. ↑ Murphy Perng. Certified Wine Consultant. Expert Interview
  42. ↑ https://wineinstitute.org/our-industry/statistics/wine-fact-sheets/moscato-muscat/
  43. ↑ https://wineinstitute.org/our-industry/statistics/wine-fact-sheets/sparkling-wine-champagne/
  44. ↑ https://www.gastronomersguide.com/2010/12/prosecco-italian-sparkling-wine.html
  45. ↑ Murphy Perng. Certified Wine Consultant. Expert Interview
  46. ↑ https://intovino.com/tips-advice/wine-basics-what-are-grape-varieties/
  47. ↑ https://www.wineandmore.com/stories/terroir-wines/

About This Article

Murphy Perng
Co-authored by:
Murphy Perng
Wine Specialist
This article was co-authored by Murphy Perng and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Vasquez, BA, MA. Murphy Perng is a Wine Consultant and the Founder and Host of Matter of Wine, a business that produces educational wine events, including team-building experiences, networking events, and private parties. Based in Los Angeles, California, Murphy has served as a Wine Educator for clients such as Google, Buzzfeed, Tiktok, Snapchat, and Equinox and been featured on National Geographic and The Somm Journal. Murphy possesses her WSET (Wine & Spirit Education Trust) Level 3 Advanced Certification. This article has been viewed 4,681 times.
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